The main objective of the 2023 edition of the energy prices and costs report is to put these crises into context, and to help understanding their impact on energy prices and costs in the EU and globally, based on official data and statistics. The report provides analysis across the following sections:
- Part I of the report provides the regular review of developments on wholesale and retail prices for electricity (Chapter 2) and gas (Chapter 3). The analysis of the cost elements of retail energy prices provides the most extensive, currently available, breakdown of components affecting prices, in particular for taxes and levies. These chapters, together with the econometric analysis in Chapter 9, provide an insight into the evolution, composition and drivers of retail prices together with international comparisons of the prices for petroleum, gas and electricity products.
- Part II of the report provides the analysis of price developments for oil, coal and other fuels (Chapter 4); and looks at the evolution of households’ energy consumption and expenditure (Chapter 5), the drivers behind these changes and the impact on households’ budgets across income levels and energy poverty.
- Part III of the report addresses the impact of increasing energy costs on European industry (Chapter 6). The assessment of energy-related costs for manufacturing, agriculture and services sectors (more than 40 economic sectors) focused on the most energy intensive industries, these sectors’ energy costs shares, energy intensities and energy prices and, where possible, comparisons with international partners.
- Part IV of the report addresses the EU’s energy import bill (Chapter 7), as well as the taxes imposed on energy products (Chapter 8), and assesses their impact on public finances and the retail prices of these products.
- Part V of the report provides an econometric analysis of the energy crisis, its drivers and impacts (Chapter 9), followed by an examination of the impacts of the price increases on two key technologies necessary for the green transition: heat pumps and electric vehicles (Chapter 10).
- Part VI of this report is the Annexes that present factsheets of each Member State with detailed information about their energy prices and costs.
